Masiku ano, pulasitiki ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri tsiku lililonse https://www.tgtextrusion.com/news/plastic-recycle-machine/lives. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kotero kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatulutsa zinyalala zambiri. Chinachake chomwe chakhala vuto lalikulu komanso nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi.
Timachigwiritsa ntchito ndikulankhula za kukonzanso kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, koma kodi timachidziwa bwino? M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zina zofunika za pulasitiki.
Ma Code Osiyana Apulasitiki
Zili m'mabotolo, zotengera, zokutira, ndi zinthu zina zatsiku ndi tsiku. Pulasitiki ndi yosunthika monga momwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Pokonzanso mapulasitiki omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, mutha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwanu ndi chilengedwe ndikuthandizira mabizinesi kuchepetsa ndalama. Komabe, si mitundu yonse ya mapulasitiki omwe amapangidwa mofanana. Nambala yomwe ili mkati mwa chizindikiro chobwezeretsanso pamiyendo yapulasitiki, yomwe imadziwika kuti SPI Code, imapereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi chitetezo komanso kuwonongeka kwamtundu uliwonse wapulasitiki. Kumvetsetsa manambalawa kukuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungasankhire zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso. Kuti muwone mwachangu, nayi kuyang'ana mwachangu pamakhodi osiyanasiyana:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE kapena PET)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinyl Chloride (P kapena PVC)
Polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polystyrene (PS)
Mapulasitiki Osiyanasiyana
Ø PETE kapena PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Poyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1940, mapulasitiki a PET amapezeka kawirikawiri m'mabotolo a zakumwa, zotengera zakudya zowonongeka komanso zotsukira pakamwa. Mapulasitiki omveka bwino a PET nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati otetezeka, koma amatha kuyamwa fungo ndi zokometsera kuchokera ku zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zasungidwa. Zingakhalenso zoopsa ngati zitatenthedwa, monga ngati botolo lamadzi litasiyidwa m’galimoto yotentha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, izi zingachititse Antimony kutuluka mu pulasitiki ndi kulowa madzi. Mwamwayi, mapulasitikiwa amatha kubwezeretsedwanso mosavuta, ndipo zomera zambiri zobwezeretsanso zimawavomereza, kotero kuwataya moyenera ndikosavuta. Mapulasitiki a PET amasinthidwanso kukhala kapeti, mipando, ndi ulusi wopangira zovala zanyengo yachisanu.
Ø HDPE (High Density Polyethylene): Imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano kwambiri yamapulasitiki, HDPE idapangidwa koyamba m'ma 1950 ndi Karl Ziegler ndi Erhard Holzkamp. HDPE ndiye pulasitiki yokonzedwanso kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka kukhudzana ndi chakudya ndi a FDA. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake amkati, HDPE ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa PET, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mosamala. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zomwe zidzasungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, chifukwa zimayenda bwino pazigawo zonse zotentha komanso zoziziritsa kukhosi. Zogulitsa za HDPE zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri cholowa muzakudya kapena zakumwa. Mupeza pulasitiki iyi m'mitsuko yamkaka, machubu a yoghurt, zotengera zotsukira, mabotolo ochapira thupi ndi zinthu zina zofananira. Zoseweretsa za ana zambiri, mabenchi a m’mapaki, mapoto obzalamo, ndi mapaipi amapangidwanso kuchokera ku HDPE. HDPE yobwezerezedwanso imapangidwa kukhala zolembera, matabwa apulasitiki, mipanda ya pulasitiki, matebulo apapikiniki ndi mabotolo.
Ø V kapena PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Yopezeka koyamba mu 1838, ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki akale kwambiri. Imadziwikanso kuti Vinyl, PVC ndi pulasitiki wamba yomwe imayamba molimba, koma imakhala yosinthika pamene mapulasitiki awonjezeredwa. Zopezeka m'makhadi a ngongole, zokutira chakudya, mapaipi amipope, matailosi, mawindo ndi zida zamankhwala, PVC simakonda kukonzedwanso. Mapulasitiki a PVC ali ndi mankhwala ovulaza omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a mafupa ndi chiwindi ndi chitukuko cha ana ndi makanda. Sungani zinthu za PVC kutali ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa. Mapulogalamu apadera amabwezeretsanso PVC kukhala pansi, mapanelo ndi machubu am'mphepete mwamisewu kutchula ochepa.
LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene): LDPE ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kuposa mapulasitiki onse, kuti ikhale yosavuta kupanga. Ndicho chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yambiri yamatumba. Pulasitiki yaukhondo komanso yotetezeka, LDPE imapezekanso m'zinthu zapakhomo monga zokutira pulasitiki, zotengera zakudya zowundana ndi mabotolo ofinyidwa. Mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso ayamba kuvomereza mapulasitiki a LDPE, komabe ndizovuta kukonzanso. LDPE yobwezeretsedwanso imapangidwa kukhala zinthu monga zinyalala, mapanelo, mipando, pansi ndi kukulunga.
PP (Polypropylene): Anapezeka pakampani yamafuta mu 1951, PP ndi yolimba, yolimba ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Imawonedwanso ngati pulasitiki yotetezeka, ndipo chifukwa chake, imapezeka mu tupperware, zida zamagalimoto, zovala zotentha, zotengera za yogati, komanso matewera otaya. Ngakhale imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, imatayidwa nthawi zambiri. Akagwiritsidwanso ntchito, amasinthidwa kukhala zinthu zolemetsa monga mapaleti, ma ice scrapers, rakes ndi zingwe za batri. Mapulogalamu ambiri obwezeretsanso amavomereza PP.
Ø PS (Polystyrene): PS, kapena Styrofoam, inapezedwa mwangozi ku Germany mu 1839. Pulasitiki yodziwika bwino, PS imapezeka mu makapu a zakumwa, zotsekemera, zonyamula katundu, makatoni a mazira ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Ndizotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga, ndipo zimapezeka paliponse. Komabe, ndizosatetezeka chifukwa Styrofoam imadziwikanso chifukwa chotulutsa mankhwala owopsa, makamaka ikatenthedwa, komanso osagwiritsanso ntchito bwino. Monga PP, nthawi zambiri imatayidwa, ngakhale mapulogalamu ena obwezeretsanso angavomereze. PS imasinthidwanso kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zotsekera, zida zakusukulu komanso kupanga mapepala alayisensi.
Ø Pulasitiki Zosiyanasiyana: SPI code 7 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulasitiki onse osati mbali ya mitundu 6 ina. Ngakhale kuti amaikidwa m’zinthu zotchuka monga magalasi adzuwa, chosungiramo makompyuta, nayiloni, ma compact disc ndi mabotolo a ana, mapulasitikiwa ali ndi mankhwala oopsa a bisphenol A kapena BPA. Sikuti ndizowopsa, komanso mapulasitiki amtunduwu ndi ovuta kwambiri kukonzanso chifukwa sawonongeka mosavuta. Zomera zobwezeretsanso zikavomereza, Pulasitiki #7 imasinthidwanso kukhala matabwa apulasitiki ndi zinthu zapadera.
Ndi Mitundu Yanji Yamapulasitiki Ingabwezeretsedwenso?
Momwemonso momwe code idagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti isiyanitse pakati pa mapulasitiki chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo pakupanga ndipo, chifukwa chake, muzolinga, pali kusiyana kwa kuthekera kobwezeretsanso zinthuzo.
M'malo mwake, pali mtundu umodzi, nambala 7, womwe sungathe kubwezeretsedwanso. Kuonjezera apo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzilekanitsa, zokhala ndi pigment kapena zowonongeka ndi mlengalenga sizili zoyenera kukonzanso.
Pali gulu la kumasuka kukonzanso ndi mtundu womwe umakhazikitsa "malemba" anayi pankhaniyi: "zosavuta", "zotheka", "zovuta" ndi "zovuta kwambiri".
Mitundu ya pulasitiki idzagawidwa motere:
Zosavuta: PET, HDPE
Zotheka: LDPE, PP
Zovuta: PS
Zovuta kwambiri: PVC
Gulani Makina Opangira Mapulasitiki Kwa Ife
Kukhala ndi makina obwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndikofunikira pakubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki monga polyethylene, polypropylene ndi PVC. Chonde fikirani pamakina abwino kwambiri komanso ogwira mtima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-26-2022
